Batteries
Contents
Objectif
- obtenir des batteries au prix le plus bas possible, impliquant probablement un assemblage maison de cellules
- acquérir des connaissances dans le domaine des batteries, faire les choses selon les normes en vigueur, ne pas compromettre la sécurité
Applications
Off-grid_power_supply, Assistance_électrique_du_Long_André, Multicopter
Types de batteries
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_battery_types
Lithium-ion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery
Handheld electronics mostly use LIBs based on lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), which offers high energy density, but presents safety risks, especially when damaged.
Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), Lithium ion manganese oxide battery (LMnO or LMO) and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNiMnCoO2 or NMC) offer lower energy density, but longer lives and inherent safety. Such batteries are widely used for electric tools, medical equipment and other roles. NMC in particular is a leading contender for automotive applications.
Lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (LiNiCoAlO2 or NCA) and lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12 or LTO) are specialty designs aimed at particular niche roles.
The new lithium sulphur batteries promise the highest performance to weight ratio.
Formes
Li-ion cells (as distinct from entire batteries) are available in various shapes, which can generally be divided into four groups:
- Small cylindrical (solid body without terminals, such as those used in laptop batteries)
- Large cylindrical (solid body with large threaded terminals)
- Pouch (soft, flat body, such as those used in cell phones)
- Prismatic (semi-hard plastic case with large threaded terminals, such as vehicles' traction packs)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_polymer_battery
A lithium polymer battery, or more correctly lithium-ion polymer battery (abbreviated variously as LiPo, LIP, Li-poly and others), is a rechargeable battery of lithium-ion technology in a pouch format. Unlike cylindrical and prismatic cells, LiPos come in a soft package or pouch, which makes them lighter but also less rigid.
"polymer" refers more to a "polymer casing" (that is, the soft, external container) rather than a "polymer electrolyte". While the design is usually flat, and lightweight, it is not truly a polymer cell, since the electrolyte is still in liquid form, although it may be "plasticized" or "gelled" through a polymer additive. These cells are sometimes designated as "LiPo"; however, from a technological point of view, they are the same as the ones marketed simply as "Li-ion", since the underlying electrochemistry is the same.
The name "lithium polymer" (LiPo) is widespread among users of radio-controlled models, for which it may indicate a single cell or a battery pack with cells connected in series or parallel. The more general term "lithium-ion" (Li-ion) is used almost everywhere else, including consumer electronics such as mobile phones and notebook computers, and battery-powered electric vehicles.
Modèles de location
Puisque c'est un modèle commercial qui est pratiqué (en particulier s'agissant de certains véhicules électriques), il vaudrait la peine de le décrire/comprendre afin d'en tenir compte et de ne pas passer à côté de solutions économiquement intéressantes.
