Changes

Batteries

439 bytes added, 21:37, 17 April 2016
/* Batteries Lithium-ion */
! LiFePO4
! NCA
! LTO
|-
|Voltages
|3.60V, 3.70V nominal; typical operating range 3.0–4.2V/cell, or higher
|3.20, 3.30V nominal; typical operating range 2.5–3.65V/cell
|3.60V nominal; typical operating range 3.0–4.2V/cell |2.40V nominal; typical operating range 1.8–2.85V/cell
|-
|Specific energy (capacity)
|150–220Wh/kg
|90–120Wh/kg
|200-260Wh/kg; 300Wh/kg predictable|70–80Wh/kg
|-
|Charge (C-rate)
|0.7–1C, charges to 4.20V, some go to 4.30V; 3h charge typical. Charge current above 1C shortens battery life.
|1C typical, charges to 3.65V; 3h charge time typical
|0.7C, charges to 4.20V (most cells), 3h charge typical, fast charge possible with some cells|1C typical; 5C maximum, charges to 2.85V
|-
|Discharge (C-rate)
|1C; 2C possible on some cells; 2.50V cut-off
|1C, 25C on some cells; 40A pulse (2s); 2.50V cut-off (lower that 2V causes damage)
|1C typical; 3.00V cut-off; high discharge rate shortens battery life|10C possible, 30C 5s pulse; 1.80V cut-off on LCO/LTO
|-
|Cycle life
|1000–2000 (related to depth of discharge, temperature)
|1000–2000 (related to depth of discharge, temperature)
|500 (related to depth of discharge, temperature)|3,000–7,000
|-
|Thermal runaway
|210°C typical. High charge promotes thermal runaway
|270°C Very safe battery even if fully charged
|150°C typical, High charge promotes thermal runaway|One of safest Li-ion batteries
|-
|Applications
|E-bikes, medical devices, EVs, industrial
|Portable and stationary needing high load currents and endurance
|Medical devices, industrial, electric powertrain (Tesla)|UPS, electric powertrain (Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Honda Fit EV), solar-powered street lighting
|-
|Comments
|Provides high capacity and high power. Serves as Hybrid Cell. Favorite chemistry for many uses; market share is increasing.
|Very flat voltage discharge curve but low capacity. One of safest Li-ions. Used for special markets. Elevated self-discharge.
|Shares similarities with Li-cobalt. Serves as Energy Cell. |Long life, fast charge, wide temperature range but low specific energy and expensive. Among safest Li-ion batteries.
|}
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