Batteries - Revision history

Leo 037: /* de côté */

2016-04-20T16:40:03Z

‎de côté

Leo 037: /* de côté */

2016-04-20T16:39:47Z

‎de côté

Leo 037: /* Batteries Lithium-ion */

2016-04-20T16:39:06Z

‎Batteries Lithium-ion

Leo 037: /* de côté */

2016-04-18T13:34:42Z

‎de côté

Leo 037: /* Sélection */

2016-04-18T13:34:29Z

‎Sélection

Leo 037: /* Batteries Lithium-ion */

2016-04-18T13:30:13Z

‎Batteries Lithium-ion

Show changes

Leo 037: /* Batteries Lithium-ion */

2016-04-18T13:25:04Z

‎Batteries Lithium-ion

Leo 037: /* Li4Ti5O12 / LTO */

2016-04-18T10:26:13Z

‎Li4Ti5O12 / LTO

Leo 037: /* LMnO / LMO */

2016-04-18T10:24:29Z

‎LMnO / LMO

Leo 037: /* LiFePO4 */

2016-04-18T10:23:21Z

‎LiFePO4

@@ Line 215: / Line 215: @@
 == de côté ==
+LMO et NCA, mis en commentaire <!--
 === NCA ===
@@ Line 235: / Line 235: @@
 ''Most LMO batteries blend with NMC to improve the specific energy and prolong the life span. This combination brings out the best in each system, and the LMO-NMC is chosen for most electric vehicles, such as the Nissan Leaf, Chevy Volt and BMW i3. The LMO part of the battery, which can be about 30 percent, provides high current boost on acceleration; the NMC part gives the long driving range.''
 = Modèles de location =

@@ Line 104: / Line 104: @@
 === de côté ===
+LMO et NCA, mis en commentaire <!--
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
@@ Line 163: / Line 163: @@
 |Shares similarities with Li-cobalt. Serves as Energy Cell.
 |}
 == [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery#Shapes Formes] ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:39, 20 April 2016
Line 11:		Line 11:

	= Batteries Lithium-ion =		= Batteries Lithium-ion =
−
−	~~https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_battery_types~~

	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery

@@ Line 110: / Line 110: @@
 |-
 ! caracteristics
-! LMnO / LMO
+! LMO
 ! NCA
 |-

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 |-
 ! caracteristics
-! LiNiMnCoO2 / NMC
+! NMC
 ! LiFePO4
 ! LTO

@@ Line 158: / Line 158: @@
 ''LiFePO4 has excellent safety and long life span but moderate specific energy and elevated self-discharge.''
-== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_ion_manganese_oxide_battery LMnO / LMO] ==
+== LiNiMnCoO2 / NMC ==
 http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/types_of_lithium_ion
-''high thermal stability and enhanced safety, but the cycle and calendar life are limited.''
+''Similar to LMO, these systems can be tailored to serve as Energy Cells or Power Cells. For example, NMC in an 18650 cell for moderate load condition has a capacity of about 2800 mAh and can deliver 4 A to 5 A; NMC in the same cell optimized for specific power has a capacity of only about 2000 mWh but delivers a continuous discharge current of 20 A. A silicon-based anode will go to 4000 mAh and higher but at reduced loading capability and shorter cycle life. Silicon added to graphite has the drawback that the anode grows and shrinks with charge and discharge, making the cell mechanically unstable.''
-''Low internal cell resistance enables fast charging and high-current discharging. In an 18650 package, LMO can be discharged at currents of 20–30 A with moderate heat buildup. It is also possible to apply one-second load pulses of up to 50 A. A continuous high load at this current would cause heat buildup and the cell temperature cannot exceed 80°C. LMO is used for power tools, medical instruments, as well as hybrid and electric vehicles.''
+''NMC is the battery of choice for power tools, e-bikes and other electric powertrains. The cathode combination is typically one-third nickel, one-third manganese and one-third cobalt, also known as 1-1-1. This offers a unique blend that also lowers the raw material cost due to reduced cobalt content. Another successful combination is NMC with 5 parts nickel, 3 parts cobalt and 2 parts manganese. Further combinations using various amounts of cathode materials are possible. New electrolytes and additives enable charging to 4.4 V/cell and higher to boost capacity''
-''Design flexibility allows engineers to maximize the battery for either optimal longevity (life span), maximum load current (specific power) or high capacity (specific energy). For example, the long-life version in the 18650 cell has a moderate capacity of only 1100 mAh; the high-capacity version is 1500 mAh.''
+''NMC has good overall performance and excels on specific energy. This battery is the preferred candidate for the electric vehicle and has the lowest self-heating rate.''
-''Most LMO batteries blend with NMC to improve the specific energy and prolong the life span. This combination brings out the best in each system, and the LMO-NMC is chosen for most electric vehicles, such as the Nissan Leaf, Chevy Volt and BMW i3. The LMO part of the battery, which can be about 30 percent, provides high current boost on acceleration; the NMC part gives the long driving range.''
+''There is a move towards NMC-blended Li-ion as the system can be built economically and it achieves a good performance. The three active materials of nickel, manganese and cobalt can easily be blended to suit a wide range of applications for automotive and energy storage systems (EES) that need frequent cycling. The NMC family is growing in its diversity.''
-== LiNiMnCoO2 / NMC ==
+== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium%E2%80%93titanate_battery Li4Ti5O12 / LTO]==
 http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/types_of_lithium_ion
-''Similar to LMO, these systems can be tailored to serve as Energy Cells or Power Cells. For example, NMC in an 18650 cell for moderate load condition has a capacity of about 2800 mAh and can deliver 4 A to 5 A; NMC in the same cell optimized for specific power has a capacity of only about 2000 mWh but delivers a continuous discharge current of 20 A. A silicon-based anode will go to 4000 mAh and higher but at reduced loading capability and shorter cycle life. Silicon added to graphite has the drawback that the anode grows and shrinks with charge and discharge, making the cell mechanically unstable.''
+''LTO has a nominal cell voltage of 2.4 V, can be fast charged and delivers a high discharge current of 10 C, or 10 times the rated capacity. The cycle count is said to be higher than that of a regular Li-ion. LTO is safe, has excellent low-temperature discharge characteristics and obtains a capacity of 80% at –30°C. However, the battery is expensive and at 65 Wh/kg the specific energy is low, rivalling that of NiCd. LTO charges to 2.8 V/cell, and the end of discharge is 1.8 V/cell.''
-''NMC is the battery of choice for power tools, e-bikes and other electric powertrains. The cathode combination is typically one-third nickel, one-third manganese and one-third cobalt, also known as 1-1-1. This offers a unique blend that also lowers the raw material cost due to reduced cobalt content. Another successful combination is NMC with 5 parts nickel, 3 parts cobalt and 2 parts manganese. Further combinations using various amounts of cathode materials are possible. New electrolytes and additives enable charging to 4.4 V/cell and higher to boost capacity''
+''Typical uses are electric powertrains, UPS and solar-powered street lighting.''
-''NMC has good overall performance and excels on specific energy. This battery is the preferred candidate for the electric vehicle and has the lowest self-heating rate.''
+''LTO excels in safety, low-temperature performance and life span. Efforts are being made to improve the specific energy and lower cost.''
-''There is a move towards NMC-blended Li-ion as the system can be built economically and it achieves a good performance. The three active materials of nickel, manganese and cobalt can easily be blended to suit a wide range of applications for automotive and energy storage systems (EES) that need frequent cycling. The NMC family is growing in its diversity.''
+== de côté ==
-== NCA ==
+=== NCA ===
 http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/types_of_lithium_ion
@@ Line 190: / Line 190: @@
 ''High energy and power densities, as well as good life span, make NCA a candidate for EV powertrains. High cost and marginal safety are negatives.''
-== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium%E2%80%93titanate_battery Li4Ti5O12 / LTO]==
+=== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_ion_manganese_oxide_battery LMnO / LMO] ===
 http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/types_of_lithium_ion
-''LTO has a nominal cell voltage of 2.4 V, can be fast charged and delivers a high discharge current of 10 C, or 10 times the rated capacity. The cycle count is said to be higher than that of a regular Li-ion. LTO is safe, has excellent low-temperature discharge characteristics and obtains a capacity of 80% at –30°C. However, the battery is expensive and at 65 Wh/kg the specific energy is low, rivalling that of NiCd. LTO charges to 2.8 V/cell, and the end of discharge is 1.8 V/cell.''
+''high thermal stability and enhanced safety, but the cycle and calendar life are limited.''
-''Typical uses are electric powertrains, UPS and solar-powered street lighting.''
+''Low internal cell resistance enables fast charging and high-current discharging. In an 18650 package, LMO can be discharged at currents of 20–30 A with moderate heat buildup. It is also possible to apply one-second load pulses of up to 50 A. A continuous high load at this current would cause heat buildup and the cell temperature cannot exceed 80°C. LMO is used for power tools, medical instruments, as well as hybrid and electric vehicles.''
-''LTO excels in safety, low-temperature performance and life span. Efforts are being made to improve the specific energy and lower cost.''
+''Design flexibility allows engineers to maximize the battery for either optimal longevity (life span), maximum load current (specific power) or high capacity (specific energy). For example, the long-life version in the 18650 cell has a moderate capacity of only 1100 mAh; the high-capacity version is 1500 mAh.''
 = Modèles de location =

@@ Line 152: / Line 152: @@
 ''high current rating and long cycle life, besides good thermal stability, enhanced safety and tolerance if abused.''
-''Li-phosphate is more tolerant to full charge conditions and is less stressed than other lithium-ion systems if kept at high voltage for a prolonged time. As a trade-off, the lower voltage of 3.2V/cell reduces the specific energy to less than that of Li-manganese. With most batteries, cold temperature reduces performance and elevated storage temperature shortens the service life, and Li-phosphate is no exception. Li-phosphate has a higher self-discharge than other Li-ion batteries, which can cause balancing issues with aging.''
+''LiFePO4 is more tolerant to full charge conditions and is less stressed than other lithium-ion systems if kept at high voltage for a prolonged time. As a trade-off, the lower voltage of 3.2 V/cell reduces the specific energy to less than that of LMO. With most batteries, cold temperature reduces performance and elevated storage temperature shortens the service life, and LiFePO4 is no exception. LiFePO4 has a higher self-discharge than other Li-ion batteries, which can cause balancing issues with aging.''
-''Four cells in series produce 12.80V, a similar voltage to six 2V lead acid cells in series. Vehicles charge lead acid to 14.40V (2.40V/cell) and maintain a topping charge. With four Li-phosphate cells in series, each cell tops at 3.60V, which is the correct full-charge voltage. At this point, the charge should be disconnected but the topping charge continues while driving. Li-phosphate is tolerant to some overcharge; however, keeping the voltage at 14.40V for a prolonged time, as most vehicles do on a long drive, could stress Li-phosphate. Cold temperature operation starting could also be an issue with Li-phosphate as a starter battery.''
+''Four cells in series produce 12.8 V, a similar voltage to six 2 V lead acid cells in series. Vehicles charge lead acid to 14.4 V (2.4 V/cell) and maintain a topping charge. With four LiFePO4 cells in series, each cell tops at 3.6 V, which is the correct full-charge voltage. At this point, the charge should be disconnected but the topping charge continues while driving. LiFePO4 is tolerant to some overcharge; however, keeping the voltage at 14.4 V for a prolonged time, as most vehicles do on a long drive, could stress LiFePO4. Cold temperature operation starting could also be an issue with LiFePO4 as a starter battery.''
-''Li-phosphate has excellent safety and long life span but moderate specific energy and elevated self-discharge.''
+''LiFePO4 has excellent safety and long life span but moderate specific energy and elevated self-discharge.''
 == [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_ion_manganese_oxide_battery LMnO / LMO] ==