Changes

! LMnO / LMO! LiNiMnCoO2 / NMC

! NCALTO

|Voltagesnominal voltage [V]|3.70V (6, 3.80V) nominal; typical operating range 3.0–4.2V/cell7|3.60V2, 3.70V nominal; typical operating range 3.0–4.2V/cell, or higher|3.20, 3.30V nominal; typical operating range 2.5–3.65V/cell|3.60V nominal; typical operating range 3.0–4.2V/cell4

|Specific energy (capacity)|100–150Whtypical operating range [V/kgcell]|150–220Wh/kg3.0–4.2 or higher|90–120Wh/kg2.5–3.65|200-260Wh/kg; 300Wh/kg predictable1.8–2.85

|Specific energy (capacity) [Wh/kg]|150–220|90–120|70–80|- |Charge (C-rate)|0.7–1C typical, 3C maximum, charges to 4.20V (most cells)|0.7–1C, charges to 4.20V, some go to 4.30V7–1 C; 3h charge typical. Charge current above 1C shortens battery life.|1C typical, 1 C|1 C; 5C maximum|- |charges to 3.65V; 3h charge time typical[V]|04.7C2, charges some go to 4.20V (most cells)3|3.65|2.85|- |Charge time [h], 3h charge typical, fast charge possible with some cells|3|3|

|1C1 C; 10C 2 C possible with on some cells|1 C, 30C 25 C on some cells; 40 A pulse (5s2 s)|10 C possible, 2.50V 30 C 5 s pulse|- |Discharge cut-offvoltage [V]|1C; 2C possible on some cells; 2.50V cut-off5|1C, 25C on some cells; 40A pulse (2s); 2.50V cut-off 5 (lower that 2V 2 V causes damage)|1C typical; 31.00V cut8|-off; high discharge rate shortens battery |Cycle life(related to depth of discharge, temperature)|1000–2000|1000–2000|3000–7000

|Cycle life|300–700 (related to depth of dischargeThermal runaway temperature [°C], temperature)typical|1000–2000 (related to depth of discharge, temperature)210|1000–2000 (related to depth of discharge, temperature)270|500 (related to depth of discharge, temperature)

|Thermal runaway, others|250°C typical. High charge promotes thermal runaway|210°C typical. High charge promotes thermal runaway|270°C Very safe battery even if fully charged|150°C typical, High charge promotes thermal runawayOne of safest Li-ion batteries

|Medical devices, industrialUPS, electric powertrain (TeslaMitsubishi i-MiEV, Honda Fit EV), solar-powered street lighting

|Long life, fast charge, wide temperature range but low specific energy and expensive. Among safest Li-ion batteries.|} === de côté ===LMO et NCA, mis en commentaire <!--{| class="wikitable"|- ! caracteristics! LMO! NCA|- |nominal voltage [V]|3.7 (3.8)|3.6|- |typical operating range [V/cell]|3.0–4.2|3.0–4.2|- |Specific energy (capacity) [Wh/kg]|100–150|200-260; 300 predictable |- |Charge (C-rate) typical|0.7–1 C, 3 C maximum|0.7 C|- |charges to [V]|4.2 (most cells)|4.2 (most cells)|- |Charge time [h], typical||3; fast charge possible with some cells |- |Discharge (C-rate)|1 C; 10 C possible with some cells, 30 C pulse (5 s)|1 C typical; high discharge rate shortens battery life |- |Discharge cut-off voltage [V]|2.5|3.0|-|Cycle life (related to depth of discharge, temperature)|300–700|500|- |Thermal runaway temperature [°C], typical|250|150|- |Thermal runaway, others|High charge promotes thermal runaway|High charge promotes thermal runaway |- |Applications|Power tools, medical devices, electric powertrains|Medical devices, industrial, electric powertrain (Tesla) |- |Comments|High power but less capacity; safer than Li-cobalt; commonly mixed with NMC to improve performance.|Shares similarities with Li-cobalt. Serves as Energy Cell.

''Li-phosphate LiFePO4 is more tolerant to full charge conditions and is less stressed than other lithium-ion systems if kept at high voltage for a prolonged time. As a trade-off, the lower voltage of 3.2V2 V/cell reduces the specific energy to less than that of Li-manganeseLMO. With most batteries, cold temperature reduces performance and elevated storage temperature shortens the service life, and Li-phosphate LiFePO4 is no exception. Li-phosphate LiFePO4 has a higher self-discharge than other Li-ion batteries, which can cause balancing issues with aging.''

''Four cells in series produce 12.80V8 V, a similar voltage to six 2V 2 V lead acid cells in series. Vehicles charge lead acid to 14.40V 4 V (2.40V4 V/cell) and maintain a topping charge. With four Li-phosphate LiFePO4 cells in series, each cell tops at 3.60V6 V, which is the correct full-charge voltage. At this point, the charge should be disconnected but the topping charge continues while driving. Li-phosphate LiFePO4 is tolerant to some overcharge; however, keeping the voltage at 14.40V 4 V for a prolonged time, as most vehicles do on a long drive, could stress Li-phosphateLiFePO4. Cold temperature operation starting could also be an issue with Li-phosphate LiFePO4 as a starter battery.''

''Li-phosphate LiFePO4 has excellent safety and long life span but moderate specific energy and elevated self-discharge.''

== [https:LiNiMnCoO2 //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_ion_manganese_oxide_battery LMnO / LMO] NMC ==

''high thermal stability and enhanced safetySimilar to LMO, but these systems can be tailored to serve as Energy Cells or Power Cells. For example, NMC in an 18650 cell for moderate load condition has a capacity of about 2800 mAh and can deliver 4 A to 5 A; NMC in the cycle same cell optimized for specific power has a capacity of only about 2000 mWh but delivers a continuous discharge current of 20 A. A silicon-based anode will go to 4000 mAh and calendar higher but at reduced loading capability and shorter cycle life are limited. Silicon added to graphite has the drawback that the anode grows and shrinks with charge and discharge, making the cell mechanically unstable.''

''Low internal cell resistance enables fast charging and highNMC is the battery of choice for power tools, e-current dischargingbikes and other electric powertrains. In an 18650 packageThe cathode combination is typically one-third nickel, Lione-third manganese can be discharged at currents of 20–30A with moderate heat buildup. It is also possible to apply and one-second load pulses of up to 50Athird cobalt, also known as 1-1-1. A continuous high load at this current would cause heat buildup and This offers a unique blend that also lowers the cell temperature cannot exceed 80°Craw material cost due to reduced cobalt content. Li-manganese Another successful combination is used for power toolsNMC with 5 parts nickel, medical instruments, as well as hybrid 3 parts cobalt and electric vehicles2 parts manganese.Further combinations using various amounts of cathode materials are possible. New electrolytes and additives enable charging to 4.4 V/cell and higher to boost capacity''

''Design flexibility allows engineers to maximize the battery for either optimal longevity (life span), maximum load current (specific power) or high capacity (NMC has good overall performance and excels on specific energy). For example, This battery is the long-life version in preferred candidate for the 18650 cell electric vehicle and has a moderate capacity of only 1,100mAh; the highlowest self-capacity version is 1,500mAhheating rate.''

''Most There is a move towards NMC-blended Li-manganese batteries blend with lithium ion as the system can be built economically and it achieves a good performance. The three active materials of nickel , manganese and cobalt oxide (NMC) can easily be blended to improve the specific suit a wide range of applications for automotive and energy and prolong the life span. This combination brings out the best in each system, and the LMO storage systems (NMCEES) is chosen for most electric vehicles, such as the Nissan Leaf, Chevy Volt and BMW i3that need frequent cycling. The LMO part of the battery, which can be about 30 percent, provides high current boost on acceleration; the NMC part gives the long driving rangefamily is growing in its diversity.''

== LiNiMnCoO2 [https:/ NMC /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium%E2%80%93titanate_battery Li4Ti5O12 / LTO]==

''Similar to Li-manganeseLTO has a nominal cell voltage of 2.4 V, these systems can be tailored to serve as Energy Cells fast charged and delivers a high discharge current of 10 C, or Power Cells10 times the rated capacity. For exampleThe cycle count is said to be higher than that of a regular Li-ion. LTO is safe, NMC in an 18650 cell for moderate load condition has excellent low-temperature discharge characteristics and obtains a capacity of about 280% at –30°C. However,800mAh the battery is expensive and can deliver 4A to 5A; NMC in at 65 Wh/kg the same cell optimized for specific power has a capacity of only about 2energy is low,000mWh but delivers a continuous discharge current rivalling that of 20ANiCd. A silicon-based anode will go LTO charges to 42.8 V/cell,000mAh and higher but at reduced loading capability and shorter cycle life. Silicon added to graphite has the drawback that the anode grows and shrinks with charge and end of discharge, making the is 1.8 V/cell mechanically unstable.''

''NMC is the battery of choice for power tools, e-bikes and other Typical uses are electric powertrains. The cathode combination is typically one-third nickel, one-third manganese UPS and onesolar-third cobalt, also known as 1-1-1powered street lighting. This offers a unique blend that also lowers the raw material cost due to reduced cobalt content. Another successful combination is NCM with 5 parts nickel, 3 parts cobalt and 2 parts manganese. Further combinations using various amounts of cathode materials are possible. New electrolytes and additives enable charging to 4.4V/cell and higher to boost capacity''

''NMC has good overall LTO excels in safety, low-temperature performance and excels on life span. Efforts are being made to improve the specific energy. This battery is the preferred candidate for the electric vehicle and has the lowest self-heating ratelower cost.''

''There is a move towards NMC== de côté ==LMO et NCA, mis en commentaire <!-blended Li-ion as the system can be built economically and it achieves a good performance. The three active materials of nickel, manganese and cobalt can easily be blended to suit a wide range of applications for automotive and energy storage systems (EES) that need frequent cycling. The NMC family is growing in its diversity.'' === NCA ===

=== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium%E2%80%93titanate_battery Li4Ti5O12 Lithium_ion_manganese_oxide_battery LMnO / LTOLMO]===

''Li-titanate has a nominal cell voltage of 2.40V, can be fast charged high thermal stability and delivers a high discharge current of 10Cenhanced safety, or 10 times but the rated capacity. The cycle count is said to be higher than that of a regular Li-ion. Li-titanate is safe, has excellent low-temperature discharge characteristics and obtains a capacity of 80 percent at –30°C (–22°F). However, the battery is expensive and at 65Wh/kg the specific energy is low, rivalling that of NiCd. Li-titanate charges to 2.80V/cell, and the end of discharge is 1.80V/cellcalendar life are limited.''

''Typical uses are electric powertrains, UPS Low internal cell resistance enables fast charging and solarhigh-powered street lightingcurrent discharging. In an 18650 package, LMO can be discharged at currents of 20–30 A with moderate heat buildup. It is also possible to apply one-second load pulses of up to 50 A. A continuous high load at this current would cause heat buildup and the cell temperature cannot exceed 80°C. LMO is used for power tools, medical instruments, as well as hybrid and electric vehicles.''

''Li-titanate excels in safety, low-temperature performance and life span. Efforts are being made Design flexibility allows engineers to improve maximize the battery for either optimal longevity (life span), maximum load current (specific power) or high capacity (specific energy and lower cost). For example, the long-life version in the 18650 cell has a moderate capacity of only 1100 mAh; the high-capacity version is 1500 mAh.''

== [https://en''Most LMO batteries blend with NMC to improve the specific energy and prolong the life span.wikipediaThis combination brings out the best in each system, and the LMO-NMC is chosen for most electric vehicles, such as the Nissan Leaf, Chevy Volt and BMW i3.org/wiki/Lithium%E2%80%93sulfur_battery Sulphure de lithium] ==The LMO part of the battery, which can be about 30 percent, provides high current boost on acceleration; the NMC part gives the long driving range.'' http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/types_of_lithium_ion-->