Changes

''Li-phosphate LiFePO4 is more tolerant to full charge conditions and is less stressed than other lithium-ion systems if kept at high voltage for a prolonged time. As a trade-off, the lower voltage of 3.2V2 V/cell reduces the specific energy to less than that of Li-manganeseLMO. With most batteries, cold temperature reduces performance and elevated storage temperature shortens the service life, and Li-phosphate LiFePO4 is no exception. Li-phosphate LiFePO4 has a higher self-discharge than other Li-ion batteries, which can cause balancing issues with aging.''

''Four cells in series produce 12.80V8 V, a similar voltage to six 2V 2 V lead acid cells in series. Vehicles charge lead acid to 14.40V 4 V (2.40V4 V/cell) and maintain a topping charge. With four Li-phosphate LiFePO4 cells in series, each cell tops at 3.60V6 V, which is the correct full-charge voltage. At this point, the charge should be disconnected but the topping charge continues while driving. Li-phosphate LiFePO4 is tolerant to some overcharge; however, keeping the voltage at 14.40V 4 V for a prolonged time, as most vehicles do on a long drive, could stress Li-phosphateLiFePO4. Cold temperature operation starting could also be an issue with Li-phosphate LiFePO4 as a starter battery.''

''Li-phosphate LiFePO4 has excellent safety and long life span but moderate specific energy and elevated self-discharge.''