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Batteries

495 bytes added, 13:30, 18 April 2016
/* Batteries Lithium-ion */
http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/types_of_lithium_ion
 
''While Li-aluminum (NCA) is the clear winner by storing more capacity than other systems, this only applies to specific energy.''
 
''In terms of specific power and thermal stability, Li-manganese (LMO) and Li-phosphate (LFP) are superior.''
 
''Li-titanate (LTO) may have low capacity but this chemistry outlives most other batteries in terms of life span and also has the best cold temperature performance.''
 
=== Sélection ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! caracteristics
! LMnO / LMO
! LiNiMnCoO2 / NMC
! LiFePO4
! NCA
! LTO
|-
|nominal voltage [V]
|3.7 (3.8)
|3.6, 3.7
|3.2, 3.3
|3.6
|2.4
|-
|typical operating range [V/cell]
|3.0–4.2
|3.0–4.2 or higher
|2.5–3.65
|3.0–4.2
|1.8–2.85
|-
|Specific energy (capacity) [Wh/kg]
|100–150
|150–220
|90–120
|200-260; 300 predictable
|70–80
|-
|Charge (C-rate) typical
|0.7–1 C, 3 C maximum
|0.7–1 C; Charge current above 1C shortens battery life.
|1 C
|0.7 C
|1 C; 5C maximum
|-
|charges to [V]
|4.2 (most cells)
|4.2, some go to 4.3
|3.65
|4.2 (most cells)
|2.85
|-
|Charge time [h], typical
|
|3
|3
|3; fast charge possible with some cells
|
|-
|Discharge (C-rate)
|1 C; 10 C possible with some cells, 30 C pulse (5 s)
|1 C; 2 C possible on some cells
|1 C, 25 C on some cells; 40 A pulse (2 s)
|1 C typical; high discharge rate shortens battery life
|10 C possible, 30 C 5 s pulse
|-
|Discharge cut-off voltage [V]
|2.5
|2.5
|2.5 (lower that 2 V causes damage)
|3.0
|1.8
|-
|Cycle life (related to depth of discharge, temperature)
|300–700
|1000–2000
|1000–2000
|500
|3000–7000
|-
|Thermal runaway temperature [°C], typical
|250
|210
|270
|150
|
|-
|Thermal runaway, others
|High charge promotes thermal runaway
|High charge promotes thermal runaway
|Very safe battery even if fully charged
|High charge promotes thermal runaway
|One of safest Li-ion batteries
|-
|Applications
|Power tools, medical devices, electric powertrains
|E-bikes, medical devices, EVs, industrial
|Portable and stationary needing high load currents and endurance
|Medical devices, industrial, electric powertrain (Tesla)
|UPS, electric powertrain (Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Honda Fit EV), solar-powered street lighting
|-
|Comments
|High power but less capacity; safer than Li-cobalt; commonly mixed with NMC to improve performance.
|Provides high capacity and high power. Serves as Hybrid Cell. Favorite chemistry for many uses; market share is increasing.
|Very flat voltage discharge curve but low capacity. One of safest Li-ions. Used for special markets. Elevated self-discharge.
|Shares similarities with Li-cobalt. Serves as Energy Cell.
|Long life, fast charge, wide temperature range but low specific energy and expensive. Among safest Li-ion batteries.
|}
''While Li-aluminum (NCA) is the clear winner by storing more capacity than other systems, this only applies to specific energy.'' === de côté ===
''In terms of specific power and thermal stability, Li{| class="wikitable"|-manganese (! caracteristics! LMnO / LMO! NCA|- |nominal voltage [V]|3.7 (3.8) and Li|3.6|-phosphate |typical operating range [V/cell]|3.0–4.2|3.0–4.2|- |Specific energy (LFPcapacity) are superior[Wh/kg]|100–150|200-260; 300 predictable |- |Charge (C-rate) typical|0.'' 7–1 C, 3 C maximum|0.7 C''Li|-titanate |charges to [V]|4.2 (LTOmost cells) may have low capacity but this chemistry outlives |4.2 (most other batteries in terms of cells)|- |Charge time [h], typical||3; fast charge possible with some cells |- |Discharge (C-rate)|1 C; 10 C possible with some cells, 30 C pulse (5 s)|1 C typical; high discharge rate shortens battery life span and also has the best cold |- |Discharge cut-off voltage [V]|2.5|3.0|-|Cycle life (related to depth of discharge, temperature )|300–700|500|- |Thermal runaway temperature [°C], typical|250|150|- |Thermal runaway, others|High charge promotes thermal runaway|High charge promotes thermal runaway |- |Applications|Power tools, medical devices, electric powertrains|Medical devices, industrial, electric powertrain (Tesla) |- |Comments|High power but less capacity; safer than Li-cobalt; commonly mixed with NMC to improve performance.''|Shares similarities with Li-cobalt. Serves as Energy Cell. |}
== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery#Shapes Formes] ==
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